updated July 1, 2025

Xoloitzcuintle

Ancient Aztec dog known for loyalty vigilance and unique hairless variety

Recognized Breeds

The Xoloitzcuintli, or Mexican Hairless Dog, is an ancient breed from Mexico dating back thousands of years. Known for its striking hairless look and three sizes—toy, miniature, and standard—it is a calm, affectionate companion and alert watchdog. Revered by the Aztecs, the Xolo remains popular as a loyal family pet and working dog, valued for its unique history and charm.

Temperament

Serene
Playful
Alert
Loyal

Alternative names

Xoloitzcuintli
Xolos
Mexican Hairless
Tepezcuintli

Average build and lifespan

HEIGHT

Male: 18-23 in

Female: 18-21 in

WEIGHT

Male: 15-55 lb

Female: 10-50 lb

LIFE EXPECTANCY

13 to 20 years

Characteristics of Xoloitzcuintle

The Xoloitzcuintli, often called Xolo, is an ancient breed from Mexico, dating back over 5,000 years. It comes in three sizes—toy, miniature, and standard—and can be hairless or coated. Known for their intelligence and calm nature, Xolos form deep bonds with their families, often attaching to one special person. They are alert and protective, ready to signal if something feels off.

Xolos have a loyal and playful temperament and thrive on being part of family activities. They respond best to gentle training and enjoy companionship above all. Some even develop quirky interests, like watching TV! Their sensitivity makes them affectionate and eager to please.

Physically active and smart, Xolos love games that keep them moving. Their expressiveness helps them communicate clearly with their human friends. As a unique blend of history and heart, Xolos suit families that offer consistent love and care, making them wonderful companions.

Personality
Social Life
Adaptability
Physical
Care

Friendliness

The Xoloitzcuintle tends to be reserved and cautious with strangers, reflecting its working dog background. They form strong bonds with family and can be playful, especially with respectful children. While not overly outgoing, they are loyal friends who balance alertness with affection.

Playfulness

The Xoloitzcuintle is known for its calm yet playful nature. They enjoy playtime and long walks but are usually serene at home, making them great family companions. They bond closely with their owners and are joyful with kids who interact kindly. They can be reserved with strangers, balancing energy and calmness well.

Trainability

The Xoloitzcuintle is an intelligent and independent dog breed known for its loyalty and unique appearance. Training them takes patience and positive reinforcement since they respond best to consistent, gentle guidance. They thrive on routine and clear expectations, making them wonderful companions when treated with respect and love.

Energy Level

The Xoloitzcuintle is a calm and affectionate breed that enjoys both playtime and relaxation. They need regular exercise to stay healthy but are also happy chilling by your side. This balance makes them great for families who want a lively yet laid-back companion.

Good with kids

The Xoloitzcuintle, also known as the Mexican Hairless Dog, is a loyal and loving companion. They often get along well with children when properly socialized, enjoying family life. They may prefer calm environments and benefit from early training and socialization to thrive as protective and gentle family members.

Good with cats

Xoloitzcuintles can get along well with cats, especially when introduced gradually and carefully. While they may show some curiosity and prey drive at first, proper socialization from a young age helps them form positive relationships with feline companions. Patience and proper introductions usually lead to peaceful coexistence.

Good with dogs

The Xoloitzcuintle is a social and pack-oriented dog that generally gets along well with other dogs. They are great family companions, especially with children, but adult supervision is advised during interactions. Their friendly nature makes them a good fit for multi-dog homes when properly socialized.

Openness to strangers

The Xoloitzcuintle tends to be reserved and cautious with strangers, showing wariness rather than immediate friendliness. They bond closely with their owners and can be affectionate within their family circle, but are usually less openly affectionate with new people. This temperament makes them alert watchdogs without being aggressive or timid.

Good for apartment or house

The Xoloitzcuintle adapts well to apartments or houses if given daily exercise to burn energy. They enjoy close contact with their humans and handle smaller spaces fine. However, their strong prey drive means outdoor time should be supervised and on a leash. With activity and attention, they're happy companions anywhere.

Weather sensitivity

This breed, known for its hairless variety, is sensitive to weather extremes. Without much fur, it feels the cold more and benefits from extra warmth like sweaters. Its exposed skin can get sunburned, so sunscreen helps during sunny days. Overall, it prefers a comfy environment that avoids harsh weather.

Vocalization level

The Xoloitzcuintle is generally calm and not prone to excessive barking. They vocalize mainly to alert their owners to unusual or important events. Their moderate and controlled barking makes them peaceful companions. With early training, their alert barks stay in check, so they don't become noisy neighborhood town criers.

Good for first-time pet parents

The Xoloitzcuintle, or Mexican hairless dog, is known for its calm, loyal nature and strong bond with owners. It can be reserved at first but is gentle and low maintenance. Intelligent and affectionate, it responds well to consistent training, making it a rewarding companion for many households.

Coat Type & Length

The Xoloitzcuintle comes in two varieties: hairless and coated. The coated variety has a short, flat, closely fitting coat usually under 2.5 cm long, with shorter hairs on the feet and tail tip. This sleek coat gives the dog its elegant and distinctive look, making it quite the head-turner!

Shedding Level

The Xoloitzcuintle, especially the hairless variety, sheds very little to none at all. They may have some coarse hairs on their head, feet, and tail, but these are minimal. Coated Xolos also shed very little with their short, flat coats. This breed is a great low-shed companion for those who prefer less fur around the house.

Coat Grooming Frequency

The Xoloitzcuintle comes in hairless and coated varieties, affecting grooming needs. Coated dogs just need occasional brushing to keep their short fur tidy. Hairless ones require regular bathing and skin care to protect against sun and cold. Overall, their grooming is simple and low-maintenance, great for easy care.

Drooling Level

The Xoloitzcuintle is known for having low drooling levels. Unlike some dogs that can be quite slobbery, this breed keeps things neat with minimal drool, making it an easy companion for those who prefer a cleaner experience.

Exercise Needs

The Xoloitzcuintle, also called the Mexican Hairless Dog, is known for its calm and loyal nature. It enjoys moderate daily exercise like walks and playtime to stay happy and healthy. This breed also benefits from mental stimulation, making it a great companion for active and caring owners.

Training Needs

Training the Xoloitzcuintle is rewarding and fun! These smart, independent dogs learn commands like sit and stay quickly but need consistent routines. Positive reinforcement with treats or praise works best. Early socialization helps them become confident companions, and keeping training varied keeps their minds sharp and engaged.

Grooming Needs

The Xoloitzcuintle, often hairless, needs gentle baths every few weeks and sunscreen to protect its sensitive skin from sunburn. Coated varieties require occasional brushing. Moisturizing helps prevent dryness, and regular nail trims and dental care keep them healthy since they lack protective fur.

Mental Stimulation Needs

The Xoloitzcuintle, also known as the Mexican hairless dog, is an ancient breed known for its calm, loyal nature and intelligence. They enjoy daily walks and mental challenges, responding well to positive reinforcement. Their unique personality makes them affectionate companions who thrive with consistent training.

Health Issues

The Xoloitzcuintle is generally healthy with a lifespan of 13 to 18 years. Responsible breeders check for hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, and eye issues. The hairless variety may have missing teeth but usually no major problems. They can gain weight easily, so proper diet is important for their overall health.

Appearance of Xoloitzcuintle

The Xoloitzcuintle, or Xolo, is a uniquely striking breed, especially known for its dominant hairless trait. Hairless Xolos have tough, smooth, close-fitting skin that often forms wrinkles around the forehead, giving them a thoughtful expression. Their skin colors range through dark and earthy shades including black, gray-black, slate, red, liver, and bronze, sometimes marked or spotted. Besides the hairless type, there is a coated variety with a short, flat, dense coat that covers the body, giving a different look while remaining genetically the same.

Physically, the Xolo has a rectangular, sleek body that is slightly longer than it is tall. Their long neck, almond-shaped eyes, and large bat-like ears contribute to an elegant, agile appearance. This blend of traits makes the Xoloitzcuintle both a fascinating and graceful companion.

Similar Breeds

Physique & Size
The Xoloitzcuintle has a well-balanced, muscular, and compact body with smooth skin. It comes in three sizes: toy, miniature, and standard, each with a sleek, athletic build.
Ears, Eyes, Nose
The ears are large, upright, and triangular, giving an alert look. The eyes are almond-shaped, medium-sized, usually dark brown, showing intelligence and curiosity.
Coat Length, Texture, Type
The Xoloitzcuintle comes in hairless and coated types; the hairless has smooth, nearly bare skin, while the coated type has a short, soft, close-fitting coat for a sleek look.
Color Variants & Markings
The Xoloitzcuintle comes in hairless and coated varieties with solid colors like black, bronze, liver, and slate. Coated Xolos may show brindle patterns, but no spots or patches.
Size Versions
The Xoloitzcuintle (Mexican Hairless Dog) comes in Toy, Miniature, and Standard sizes, differing mainly in height from about 10 to 28 inches, all sharing the same unique look.
Tail Type
The Xoloitzcuintli has two varieties: hairless and coated. Its tail is natural, never docked or bobbed, with the hairless type showing short hair on the lower third.

Similar Breeds

History and origin of Xoloitzcuintle

The Xoloitzcuintli, often called Xolo, is an ancient Mexican dog breed dating back over 3,000 years. Known as the Mexican Hairless Dog or Tepezcuintli, it is considered the first dog of the Americas and held sacred by indigenous peoples like the Aztecs, who saw the Xolo as a spiritual guide to the afterlife.

The breed developed naturally without crossbreeding, preserving its unique features. It served early roles as companion, guardian, and healer, valued for its warm skin and calming presence. After near extinction during colonization, the 20th century saw a resurgence as Mexican artists and cultural revivalists embraced Xolos as symbols of heritage.

Recognition began in the late 19th century; in 1887, a Xolo named "Mee Too" became one of the earliest registrations by the American Kennel Club (AKC). The breed's only AKC champion, "Chinito Junior," earned his title in 1940, marking a key milestone in competitive dog showing for Xolos.

Official recognition includes acceptance by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2011 as its 170th breed, affirming its North American status. The European-based Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) also recognizes the breed, while in Asia, the Japan Kennel Club (JKC) acknowledges it, showcasing its growing global reach.

The Xolo is welcomed by numerous national and international clubs like the Canadian Kennel Club, The Kennel Club (UK), and the United Kennel Club (UKC). Other breed clubs promote and preserve Xoloitzcuintli heritage and qualities worldwide.

Today, the Xoloitzcuintli remains a proud symbol of Mexico's rich culture and a devoted, intelligent companion, admired globally for its distinct history and unique look.

Popularity of Xoloitzcuintle

The Xoloitzcuintle is most popular in Mexico and North America, gaining recognition in the US, Canada, and parts of Europe like the UK and Germany. It remains rare in Asia and Africa.

Mexico
Extremely Popular
United States
Moderately Common
Canada
Moderately Common

Who would make a good companion for this pet?

For those who cherish soulful companionship and the quiet comfort of a loyal friend by their side

Families or individuals who are home often and can provide companionship
Owners who understand and appreciate a sensitive, intuitive dog
Households prepared to manage their unique skin care needs, including sun protection and warmth
People looking for a loyal, quiet, and low-allergen companion
Those who can provide moderate daily exercise without intense activity
Homes where gentle, patient dogs are welcomed, including those with children
Individuals who prefer a low-maintenance grooming routine

The cutest Xoloitzcuintle puppies around

Xoloitzcuintle puppies are known for their unique blend of ancient charm and lively spirit, forming affectionate bonds early on. They are calm, intelligent, curious, and playful, showing protective instincts without excessive barking. Their hairless variety suits allergy-sensitive homes, making them loyal, adaptable, and cheerful companions.

Xoloitzcuintle puppies are intelligent companions with a curious yet sometimes stubborn streak, making early education essential. Using positive reinforcement like praise, treats, and play helps them learn in a fun, stress-free way. These pups respond best to gentle, consistent routines. Socialization is also crucial; exposing them to various people, pets, and environments early on promotes balanced, well-adjusted adults.

At birth, Xoloitzcuintle puppies start small and grow steadily, with a lean but sturdy frame. They need a high-quality, balanced diet to support their active nature, plus constant access to fresh water. Behaviorally, they are calm yet playful and form strong bonds with family, showing alertness that makes them good little watchdogs. Their hairless or coated skin requires special care, so regular health checks focusing on skin and overall wellbeing are important.

Key developmental milestones include early social interactions, learning commands, and becoming comfortable with new places. Frequent vet visits during the first year are needed for vaccinations and to monitor breed-specific health concerns, especially those related to sensitive skin. Watching a Xoloitzcuintle puppy grow into a poised, loyal friend is a truly special experience.

Did you know?

Xoloitzcuintli puppies often have sparse fur or are hairless, which helps regulate their body temperature naturally, a rare trait that links them to their ancient Mexican ancestors.

Should you buy or adopt your new puppy?

Deciding whether to adopt or purchase a Xoloitzcuintle puppy can depend on your priorities such as knowing the puppy's health background and supporting ethical practices. Purchasing from a breeder usually offers clearer insight into the puppy's lineage and health, while adoption provides a valuable chance to give a home to a dog in need.

Criteria	Buying from Breeder	Adopting from Shelter/Rescue
Cost	Generally higher initial investment, reflecting pedigree and breeder care.	Lower adoption fees, often including vaccinations and initial vet care.
Health History	Comprehensive health records and genetic testing are often provided.	Health background may be limited or unknown, but basic vet checks are typically done.
Age Availability	Mainly available as puppies, allowing early bonding and training.	Variety of ages available, including puppies and adults.
Temperament Insight	Breeders can offer knowledge about lineage temperament traits.	Temperament observed by shelter staff, but full history may be unclear.
Supporting Practices	Supports breeding programs when choosing responsible, ethical breeders.	Supports animal welfare by rescuing dogs who need loving homes.
Breed Purity & Pedigree	Assured breed purity with documentation and often registered pedigree.	Breed purity may be uncertain or mixed; documents often unavailable.

Choosing Wisely: Cost Analysis of Adoption vs. Breeders

When deciding between adopting a Xoloitzcuintle or purchasing one from a breeder, weighing the initial financial outlay against the benefits of known pedigree or supporting rescue efforts is important from a cost perspective.

Purchasing from a Breeder

Purchasing a Xoloitzcuintle from a breeder usually includes a purebred puppy with verified lineage, initial vaccinations, sometimes microchipping, and occasionally spay/neuter procedures, along with registration papers and health guarantees. The cost for such puppies is generally higher, reflecting these inclusions and the breeder's reputation.

Initial veterinary expenses may include wellness exams and booster shots. Essential supplies such as crates, collars, food and water bowls, bedding, toys, and grooming tools add to the investment during the puppy's first year.

Adopting from a Shelter or Rescue

Adopting a Xoloitzcuintle often involves a lower upfront fee covering vaccinations, microchipping, and mandatory spay/neuter surgeries, making it a budget-friendly and socially rewarding option. However, this breed might be less common in rescues, and you may need to budget for initial veterinary assessments.

Post-adoption costs usually include a wellness check and any necessary medical treatments, along with acquiring basic supplies similar to those needed when purchasing, ensuring the new pet's comfortable transition to their forever home.

Understanding Health History

When it comes to the health history of a Xoloitzcuintle, purchasing from a breeder typically provides more detailed and reliable information compared to adopting.

Buying a Xoloitzcuintle puppy from a reputable breeder usually ensures access to comprehensive health records, including vaccination status, regular veterinary check-ups, and sometimes genetic screening to identify breed-specific health issues. This transparency allows potential owners to anticipate and manage future health risks more effectively and make informed decisions about their puppy's long-term care.

In contrast, adopting a Xoloitzcuintle often means limited or incomplete medical history, especially if the dog has been found as a stray or surrendered without full documentation. Shelters or rescue organizations may provide basic vaccinations and health screenings, but detailed genetic information or long-term veterinary records are rarely available, which introduces more uncertainty about inherited conditions or previous medical problems.

Ultimately, if having a thorough and predictable health history is a priority, buying from a breeder tends to offer greater clarity, whereas adoption requires more openness to managing unknowns and potential surprises in the dog's health background.

Checklist for buying or adopting this breed

Deciding to bring a Xoloitzcuintle puppy into your life is a wonderful commitment, and being well-prepared will help your new companion settle in happily. Here's a checklist to get you ready for your Xolo's arrival.

Schedule a veterinary visit for health checkups and vaccinations.
Confirm microchip registration and update your contact information.
Purchase essential supplies like quality food, cozy bedding, engaging toys, and grooming tools.
Plan and enroll in puppy training or socialization classes.
Set up a safe, comfortable home environment for your puppy.
Review your breeder's or shelter's health guarantees and return policy.
Budget for immediate and ongoing expenses including vet visits and pet insurance.

Care Guide for Xoloitzcuintle: Grooming, Feeding, Training

The care of the Xoloitzcuintli centers on meeting their unique skin needs and overall health. Hairless Xolos need regular baths to keep their skin clean, and since their skin is exposed, applying sunscreen or using protective clothing outdoors is crucial to avoid sunburn. Coated Xolos have simpler grooming needs, requiring only occasional brushing to remove loose hair.

Feeding should be balanced to maintain their lean build, and training should be consistent and gentle, as these dogs are smart and responsive. Overall, their care is straightforward but demands special attention to skin protection for the hairless variety.

Care and Grooming

The Xoloitzcuintle, or Mexican Hairless Dog, needs special care due to its hairless or short coat. Their skin requires protection from sun and regular moisturizing. Grooming focuses more on skin health, gentle bathing, nail care, and dental hygiene than fur management. Here's a concise guide for their care.

Bathing

Bathing should preserve skin oils and prevent dryness.

Frequency: Every 2-4 weeks or as needed.
Shampoo: Gentle, hypoallergenic shampoo.
Drying: Pat dry; avoid dampness.

Brushing and Skin Care

Coated Xolos need occasional brushing; hairless ones need skin moisturizing to avoid dryness and acne.

Brushing: Occasional for coated types.
Moisturizing: Use dog-safe moisturizers regularly.
Sun Protection: Apply dog sunscreen; limit sun exposure.
Acne Care: Use medicated treatments if prescribed.

Nail Trimming

Nails grow fast and can be sharp; regular trimming is key.

Frequency: Every 3-4 weeks.
Tools: Dog nail clippers or grinders.

Ear Cleaning

Regular cleaning helps prevent infections.

Frequency: Check weekly; clean as needed.
Method: Use vet-approved cleaner; do not insert deep.

Dental Care

Oral hygiene prevents dental issues.

Frequency: Brush teeth daily or several times a week.
Tools: Dog toothbrush and toothpaste.
Additional: Use dental chews and schedule cleanings if needed.

Recommended Grooming Tools

Hypoallergenic shampoo
Soft brushes (for coated Xolo)
Dog-safe sunscreen
Nail clippers or grinders
Vet-approved ear cleaner
Dog toothbrush and toothpaste
Skin moisturizers (especially for hairless)

Following these guidelines keeps your Xoloitzcuintle healthy and comfortable while meeting their unique needs.

Training and Socialization

Training and socialization are key for the Xoloitzcuintle to become a confident, well-mannered companion. This ancient, intelligent breed with a stubborn streak thrives with early, consistent, positive training paired with social exposure.

Basic Obedience Training

Begin training your Xolo puppy early, ideally from 8 weeks old, to build good behavior.

Positive Reinforcement: Reward good behavior with treats, praise, or play to motivate and bond.
Consistency: Use clear, consistent commands to clarify expectations.
Patience and Repetition: Xolos may take time learning, so gentle repetition helps.
Short Sessions: Keep sessions brief (5-10 minutes) to keep focus.

Housebreaking

Housebreaking creates a stress-free home.

Establish a Routine: Take your Xolo outside frequently, especially after eating, drinking, or naps.
Use Crate Training: Teaches bladder control and prevents accidents when alone.
Immediate Praise: Reward elimination outdoors immediately to reinforce good habits.
Patience: Don't punish accidents; clean up and continue steady training.

Addressing Behavioral Challenges

Xolos may face some behavioral issues manageable with care.

Separation Anxiety: Gradually get your Xolo used to being alone with stimulating toys.
Stubbornness: Stay calm, firm, consistent; avoid harsh discipline.
Excessive Alertness: Train watchdog tendencies to prevent overreacting.

Early Socialization Strategies

Early social exposure fosters a confident, adaptable Xoloitzcuintle.

Varied Exposure: From 8-16 weeks, introduce diverse people, animals, and environments.
Positive Experiences: Keep encounters gentle and rewarding to build trust.
Puppy Classes: Join structured socialization for safe interaction with dogs and people.
Ongoing Socialization: Continue exposures throughout life to maintain confidence.

Exercise and Activity Needs

Regular exercise and mental stimulation are essential for the Xoloitzcuintle's health and happiness. This active breed thrives with consistent physical activity suited to its energy levels across life stages.

Exercise Requirements by Life Stage

Exercise needs vary to support healthy growth and aging.

Puppies: Gentle exercise like short walks and play. Multiple short sessions daily.
Adults: 20 to 60 minutes of daily vigorous exercise such as walks, runs, or play.
Seniors: 15 to 30 minutes of low-impact exercise to maintain muscle tone and prevent stiffness.

Recommended Activities

Choose activities that match the breed's agility and intelligence.

Walks and runs: Build endurance and provide mental enrichment.
Fetch and retrieval: Engage their natural chasing instincts.
Agility training: Obstacle courses support physical and mental fitness.
Swimming: Low-impact exercise supportive of joints.
Tug-of-war: Interactive strength play with sturdy toys.
Flirt pole: High-energy bursts and agility training in small spaces.

Mental Stimulation

Mental challenges keep the intelligent Xoloitzcuintle sharp and happy.

Training sessions: Obedience or tricks enrich cognition and behavior.
Puzzle toys: Encourage problem solving.
Scent work: Uses natural sniffing ability.
Interactive games: Hide-and-seek adds fun and challenge.

Signs of Insufficient Exercise

Watch for these signs that more activity is needed:

Destructive chewing or digging.
Excessive barking or hyperactivity.
Restlessness or signs of depression.
Weight gain or lethargy.
Increased anxiety or attention seeking.

Balancing exercise and mental stimulation based on life stage helps keep Xoloitzcuintles healthy, happy, and well-behaved.

Seasonal Care

Caring for a Xoloitzcuintle throughout the year means paying close attention to how seasonal changes affect this unique breed. Known for its hairless variety as well as coated types, the Xoloitzcuintle thrives when its environment and care routine are thoughtfully adapted to protect its skin, regulate temperature, and maintain hydration.

Spring

Shedding and Skin Care: Coated Xolos may shed; gentle brushing helps. Hairless Xolos need skin moisturization to prevent dryness.
Temperature Fluctuations: Layering with sweaters or light coats protects hairless Xolos from variable spring weather.
Hydration and Outdoor Time: Ensure fresh water is available during increased activity.
Pest Awareness: Start flea, tick, and mite prevention as parasites become active.

Summer

Heat Sensitivity: Hairless Xolos are prone to sunburn and overheating; limit exercise at peak heat and provide shaded areas.
Sun Protection: Use vet-approved sunscreen on exposed skin to prevent UV damage.
Hydration: Provide constant access to fresh, cool water.
Skin Care: Check for sunburn or irritations after outdoor play.

Autumn

Coat Changes: Coated Xolos may grow thicker undercoats; brushing helps. Hairless Xolos need continued skin hydration.
Temperature Adjustment: Protective clothing becomes important for hairless Xolos as it cools.
Health Monitoring: Watch for seasonal allergies or respiratory issues.

Winter

Cold Tolerance: Hairless Xolos need insulated sweaters; avoid prolonged cold exposure.
Hydration: Keep water available as dogs may drink less naturally.
Paw Protection: Use booties or wipe paws to prevent irritation from ice or salt.
Indoor Comfort: Provide warm, draft-free rest areas with soft bedding.
Exercise: Adapt exercise time and intensity to weather to maintain fitness safely.

Nutrition and Feeding

Proper nutrition is essential for the Xoloitzcuintle to maintain its unique health, energy, and longevity. Tailoring their diet to life stages supports well-being and helps prevent health issues.

Nutritional Needs by Life Stage

The dietary needs of Xoloitzcuintles vary by life stage:

Puppies: Need high-quality animal proteins (beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, eggs, fish) for growth. Feed 3-4 times daily.
Adults: Require balanced proteins, healthy fats, vitamins, minerals, and some carbs from veggies. Feed twice daily.
Seniors: Benefit from lower-calorie, nutrient-rich diets focusing on joint health and digestion, avoiding obesity.

Feeding Guidelines

Keep your Xoloitzcuintle healthy with these tips:

Portion Sizes: Adjust by age, weight, activity, and health. Consult your vet.
Meal Frequency: Puppies: 3-4 meals/day; Adults and Seniors: 2 meals/day.
Monitoring: Regularly check body condition to avoid under- or overfeeding.

Choosing the Right Food

Xoloitzcuintles do well on diets reflecting ancestral nutrition:

Raw Diet: Fresh, protein-rich foods like meat, bones, and offal can improve vitality, dental health, and digestion.
Commercial Foods: Choose high-quality brands with real meat first and no fillers if not feeding raw.
Supplements: Vet-approved vitamins, minerals, and omega fatty acids support joints and overall health.

Weight Management

Maintaining healthy weight is key for longevity and mobility:

Exercise: Daily activity combined with proper nutrition controls weight.
Caloric Control: Avoid overfeeding and limit treats to prevent obesity.
Vet Check-ups: Regular visits help monitor weight and adjust diet.

Transitioning Between Life Stages

Diet changes require care to prevent digestive upset:

Gradual Transition: Mix new food with old over 7-10 days.
Observation: Watch for digestive issues or allergies and consult a vet if needed.

Living Environment

Creating a safe and comfortable living environment for a Xoloitzcuintle (Mexican Hairless Dog) is essential for their well-being. Their unique hairless skin, compact size, and close bond with humans mean a thoughtful home setup supports their health and temperament.

Indoor Living Considerations

Xoloitzcuintles thrive indoors due to their lack of natural fur, making them sensitive to temperature extremes. Maintain a temperate, draft-free environment avoiding direct exposure to air conditioning or heaters. Provide soft, cushioned bedding like orthopedic beds positioned in warm corners. Designate a quiet, comfortable spot where your Xolo can retreat to rest or feel secure.

Outdoor Access and Safety

Outdoor time requires care: use secure, tall fencing checked regularly to prevent escapes, and supervise outings especially in new areas. Limit exposure to extreme weather; protect skin with dog-safe sunscreen on sunny days and doggy clothing in cold weather. Always provide access to shaded, dry shelter during outdoor time.

Space Requirements

Xolos are compact and adaptable, fitting well even in apartments if they get regular walks and play. Keep living areas free from sharp objects or rough surfaces to protect their sensitive skin. Puppy-proof your home to prevent accidents.

Environmental Enrichment

Provide a variety of soft toys and safe chews to keep your Xolo mentally stimulated, avoiding abrasive items. Engage in daily gentle play and indoor exercises to suit their moderate activity level. They flourish with calm, affectionate companionship and regular social interaction with family members.

Safety Measures

Store cleaning products and small objects out of reach to avoid ingestion risks. Cover electrical cords and secure cabinets. Maintain clean bedding and environment to prevent skin irritations, using vet-recommended products for bathing or moisturizing. Teach children to interact gently with this sensitive breed to avoid accidental scratches or scares.

Travel

Traveling with a Xoloitzcuintle requires thoughtful preparation to ensure their comfort, safety, and well-being throughout the journey. This unique breed thrives best with proper care and attention while on the move.

Pre-Travel Preparation

Before traveling, make sure your Xoloitzcuintle is healthy by scheduling a vet check and updating vaccinations. Ensure they have proper identification like a collar with ID and consider microchipping. Help your dog get used to its travel crate early and provide exercise before departure to reduce anxiety.

Traveling by Car

Keep your dog safe with a secure crate or dog seatbelt harness. Maintain comfortable vehicle temperature and ventilation, and avoid letting your dog hang its head out the window. Take breaks every 2-3 hours for bathroom stops, hydration, and short walks. Never leave your pet unattended in a parked car to avoid heatstroke or cold exposure.

Traveling by Air

Check airline pet policies, including crate sizes and cabin allowances. Use airline-approved crates that allow your dog to stand and turn comfortably. Book pet travel early due to limited spots, and avoid feeding large meals before flights. Provide water and ensure the dog has relieved itself before boarding.

Accommodations and Destinations

Choose pet-friendly hotels or rentals and confirm their policies. Research local leash laws and any breed-specific rules. Plan dog-friendly activities like park visits or trails to keep your Xolo active and happy.

Travel Essentials

Bring your dog's regular food and plenty of water to prevent digestive issues. Pack familiar toys and bedding for comfort. Carry medications, a first aid kit, and vaccination records. Since Xolos have little hair, protect them from sun exposure and bring warm clothing for cold weather.

Health of Xoloitzcuintle

The Xoloitzcuintli is generally healthy with few breed-specific issues. Recommended screenings include cardiac, patella (miniature/toy), hip, and eye exams. Hairless Xolos may have missing teeth but usually no serious problems. Skin care is key: manage puppy acne gently, use pet-safe sunscreen, and avoid over-bathing. Dental care with regular brushing and vet checks is vital.

Health
Preventive Care

The Xoloitzcuintli, also called the Xolo or Mexican Hairless dog, is generally healthy with few breed-specific problems. They live about 13 to 18 years. Proper care and early detection of issues help ensure they lead long, happy lives.

Skin Issues

Being mostly hairless, Xolos often have skin concerns needing special care.

Symptoms: Dry or flaky skin, redness, itching, acne, infections.
Causes: Lack of fur means more exposure to irritants and allergens.
Diagnosis: Vet exams, sometimes skin scrapings or cultures.
Treatment: Gentle cleansing, topical meds, avoiding irritants.
Prevention: Moisturizers, sunscreen, good hygiene, avoiding harsh weather.

Dental Issues (Hypodontia)

Xolos often have missing or malformed teeth due to genetics linked to hairlessness. Regular dental care is important.

Symptoms: Missing or oddly shaped teeth.
Causes: Genetic association with hairlessness.
Diagnosis: Dental exam by a vet.
Prevention: Regular check-ups and oral hygiene.

Orthopedic and Cardiac Health Screening

Though generally healthy, vets recommend screening hips, knees, heart, and eyes to catch issues early.

Onset: Usually during puppyhood or young adulthood.
Diagnosis: Orthopedic, cardiac, patella, and eye exams.
Prevention: Responsible breeding and health checks.

Obesity and Related Conditions

Xolos can overeat, leading to obesity. Maintaining healthy weight is key.

Symptoms: Weight gain, less activity, exercise difficulty.
Causes: Overfeeding, lack of exercise.
Treatment: Diet control, portioning, regular activity.
Prognosis: Healthy weight improves overall health.
Prevention: Measured meals and consistent exercise.

In short, the Xoloitzcuintli is a sturdy breed with special needs mainly for skin and dental care plus general health checks and weight management. Routine vet visits and informed care help keep them thriving.

Preventive care is essential for keeping the Xoloitzcuintli healthy and thriving throughout its long life. This ancient breed, known for its hairless variety and sturdy nature, benefits greatly from proactive health management including regular vet visits, vaccinations, parasite control, dental care, and early detection of any health issues.

Regular Veterinary Check-ups

Routine vet visits help maintain your Xolo's well-being and catch problems early. Consider:

Annual Exams: Yearly check-ups for health and vaccinations.
Frequent Visits for Seniors: Bi-annual exams for Xolos over 7 years old.
Health Screenings: Cardiac exams (all sizes), patella evaluation (miniature and toy), hip and eye exams to detect breed-specific issues.

Vaccinations

Vaccines protect your Xolo from contagious diseases. Follow your vet's advice on:

Core Vaccines: Rabies, Distemper, Parvovirus, Adenovirus for all dogs.
Non-Core Vaccines: Depending on lifestyle/location, Bordetella, Lyme disease, or Leptospirosis vaccines may be advised.

Parasite Prevention

Parasites cause discomfort and illness. Keep your Xolo protected with:

Flea and Tick Control: Monthly vet-approved treatments.
Heartworm Prevention: Year-round medication as prescribed.
Intestinal Parasite Screening: Regular fecal exams and deworming if needed.

Dental Care

Dental health avoids plaque and disease:

Regular Brushing: Brush two to three times a week with dog toothpaste.
Professional Cleanings: Dental check-ups once or twice yearly.

Early Detection of Health Issues

Xolos can mask illness; watch for:

Skin Conditions: Hairless Xolos may get acne and cradle cap in their first year; gentle care helps, persistent issues need vet attention.
Behavior Changes: Lethargy, aggression, or withdrawal may signal problems.
Appetite or Weight Changes: Avoid obesity; report sudden changes to your vet.
Physical Signs: Lumps, limping, or unusual discharges require prompt vet care.

Being alert and proactive supports your Xoloitzcuintli's health and longevity.

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Lifespan and End-of-Life Care of Xoloitzcuintle

The Xoloitzcuintli, or Mexican Hairless Dog, typically lives 12 to 18 years. This unique breed comes in Toy, Miniature, and Standard sizes, with hairless or coated varieties. End-of-life care focuses on comfort and gentle companionship, with vet support for health issues, making them loving lifelong friends.

Signs of Aging

Senior Xoloitzcuintle dogs show aging through changes in their skin, coat, and movement. Because they are mostly hairless, their skin often becomes drier, thinner, and more wrinkled, needing extra care with moisturizing to stay healthy.

Older Xolos may also lose muscle and develop joint stiffness, moving more slowly or hesitating to jump, signs often linked to arthritis. Their thin skin makes them vulnerable to bruises or injuries, so gentle handling and protection outdoors are important.

Vision may decline too, with cloudiness or cataracts causing cautious behavior, especially in low light. These smart and sensitive dogs can also become sleepier, less social, or a bit confused, requiring patient support and veterinary care to keep them comfortable in their senior years.

Exercise and Activity needs

Senior Xoloitzcuintli dogs need moderate, consistent exercise tailored to their aging bodies to maintain health and mobility. While naturally moderate-energy dogs, their activity should be adjusted to avoid overexertion while still offering mental and physical stimulation.

Gentle daily walks help preserve joint flexibility and muscle tone without strain. This adaptable breed enjoys shorter, more frequent walks rather than long outings. Playtime should be calm, avoiding high-impact activities that could stress aging joints. Light training or interactive toys benefit their cognitive function as they age.

Monitor your senior Xolo's response to activity, as the hairless variety may be sensitive to cold, affecting outdoor time. Providing warmth before and after exercise protects their skin and comfort. Balancing activity with rest helps your senior Xoloitzcuintli stay happy and healthy, maintaining a good pace for their golden years without losing quality of life.

Seasonal Care

Senior Xoloitzcuintle dogs need extra care for their skin and temperature regulation during seasonal changes. Their mostly hairless skin makes them more sensitive to cold and sun as they age.

In colder months, senior Xolos lack insulating fur, so they benefit from sweaters or heated beds to stay warm and avoid joint stiffness, which is common in older dogs. This warmth helps ease arthritis discomfort.

In warmer seasons, their exposed skin can get sunburned and dry, especially as they age. Applying dog-safe sunscreen, providing shade, and keeping them hydrated helps protect their skin and prevent dehydration. Moisturizing with vet-approved lotions keeps their skin healthy and comfortable.

Overall, caring for a senior Xoloitzcuintle means balancing protection from harsh weather with supporting aging joints and skin health to keep them comfortable year-round.

Nutrition and Feeding

Senior Xoloitzcuintles require a balanced diet with quality protein, moderate fat, and essential nutrients to support aging bodies and maintain health. Natural, nutrient-rich food helps prevent age-related issues and promotes overall wellness.

Protein from good meat sources maintains muscle without stressing kidneys. Lower fat, about 9%, supports heart health and prevents weight gain common in older dogs. Diets like Gentle Giants World Class Canine Cuisine are recommended for balanced protein, antioxidants, and vitamins that support immunity and joints.

Feeding smaller, frequent meals aids digestion and lowers risks of bloat and torsion. Elevated bowls ease eating by reducing uncomfortable bends. Proper hydration from moist food or water supports kidney and overall health.

These dogs adjust their intake well on such diets, but portion monitoring is key as metabolism slows. This care helps keep senior Xolos happy, healthy, and active in their later years.

Living Environment

Senior Xoloitzcuintle dogs do best when living indoors as part of the family. They need the warmth, comfort, and companionship an inside home offers to support their health and happiness, especially as they age. Their hairless skin makes them sensitive to temperature changes, so a warm, cushioned bed inside helps protect their joints and provides security.

Unlike outdoor living, which can be harsh for this breed, senior Xolos benefit from being close to their human family, reducing stress and nurturing their affectionate nature. While brief outdoor visits for fresh air and bathroom breaks are good, they should always have the choice to come back inside. This balance keeps them comfortable and happy throughout their senior years.

Travel

Traveling with a senior Xoloitzcuintli requires thoughtful preparation to ensure their comfort and safety, as this breed has sensitive skin and a calm disposition in older age. Senior Xolos benefit from slow-paced trips with frequent breaks to accommodate their lower energy levels and joint stiffness.

Because Xolos have minimal hair, temperature extremes affect them more than other breeds. It's important to keep them shaded and hydrated, avoiding hot or cold environments. Using soft bedding and padded carriers reduces pressure on joints during transport, and keeping travel times short helps prevent fatigue.

Xolos are usually attached to their owners, so maintaining familiar surroundings with favorite toys and blankets can ease anxiety. Direct, private travel options minimize stress, allowing personalized care. Consulting a veterinarian beforehand is essential to address medical concerns and plan medications or supplements for their wellbeing during travel.

Working roles abilities of Xoloitzcuintle

The Xoloitzcuintli, or Mexican Hairless Dog, has a fascinating traditional role rooted in Aztec beliefs. They were seen as spiritual guardians, protecting against evil spirits and guiding souls to the afterlife. This gave them a unique place not just in homes but also in ceremonies.

Today, Xolos are mainly loyal companions and alert watchdogs. Their intelligence and calm nature make them excellent family guardians. While not commonly used for herding or hunting, their protective instincts and ease of training shine in modern family life, blending history with everyday devotion.

Legal and ethical considerations of owning Xoloitzcuintle

Owning a Xoloitzcuintli, a unique Mexican breed, involves some special legal and ethical points. Legally, there are no common breed-specific restrictions for Xolos, but checking local rules on rare breeds is smart. Ethically, getting them from reputable breeders or rescues supports the breed's health and purity, avoiding puppy mills.

Xolos need positive training and early socialization to thrive. Their intelligence and social nature mean owners must invest care and time. Hairless types especially need skin protection from sun and harsh weather.

In short, while Xolos face no specific legal limits, responsible sourcing and attention to their unique needs ensure they become loyal, rewarding family pets.

Fun facts about Xoloitzcuintle

The Xoloitzcuintli is known for its ability to give off more body heat than coated dogs, making it a natural hot water bottle during cold nights.

The breed's name combines the Aztec god of fire and lightning, Xolotl, with the Aztec word for dog, 'itzcuintli,' highlighting its deep cultural roots.

Xolos have been companions to humans for over 5,000 years and are considered the first dog breed of the Americas.

Ancient Mexicans believed the Xoloitzcuintli possessed curative powers, especially for ailments like arthritis.

Xolos come in three distinct sizes—toy, miniature, and standard—and in two varieties: hairless and coated, offering versatility rarely seen in one breed.

Chinito Jr., a Xoloitzcuintli bred in New York City, was the breed's only AKC champion dog from 1887 to 1959, marking a unique period of recognition.

Common Questions & Myths about Xoloitzcuintle

Are Xoloitzcuintli good watchdogs?

Yes, Xoloitzcuintli are naturally good watchdogs. They take their watchdog job seriously but are judicious barkers, meaning they usually only bark when there is a real reason to alert their owners. This makes them excellent at guarding your home without being noisy or disruptive.

Do Xoloitzcuintli cause allergies?

The hairless variety of Xoloitzcuintli is often a great choice for people with allergies to dogs. Because they have little to no hair, they produce fewer allergens compared to breeds with thick coats. However, it's always best to spend time with any dog first to check for a reaction.

How long do Xoloitzcuintli typically live?

Xoloitzcuintli tend to live between 13 to 18 years. With proper care, a good diet, and regular exercise, many Xolos enjoy a long, happy life as loyal family members.

What sizes do Xoloitzcuintli come in?

This breed comes in three sizes: Toy, Miniature, and Standard. Toy Xolos stand about 10-14 inches tall, Miniatures 14-18 inches, and Standards about 18-23 inches tall. This variety means there's likely a Xolo that fits your living situation.

Do Xoloitzcuintli have any special grooming needs?

Many Xolos have little to no hair, so grooming is simple. Hairless ones benefit from regular skin care to prevent sunburn and dryness, while coated Xolos need brushing to maintain healthy hair. Overall, they're low-maintenance compared to many breeds.

Are Xoloitzcuintli social with other pets?

Xoloitzcuintli generally get along well with other dogs and pets if socialized early. They are gentle and affectionate with family members and can enjoy the company of other pets, adding warmth to a multi-pet household.

How intelligent are Xoloitzcuintli when it comes to training?

Xolos are intelligent and learn commands quickly but need consistent, positive reinforcement. They enjoy mental challenges and respond best to patient, rewarding training. Early socialization helps prevent shyness or suspicion around new people.

Xoloitzcuintle

Temperament

Alternative names

Average build and lifespan

HEIGHT

WEIGHT

LIFE EXPECTANCY

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Characteristics of Xoloitzcuintle

Friendliness

Playfulness

Trainability

Energy Level

Good with kids

Good with cats

Good with dogs

Openness to strangers

Good for apartment or house

Weather sensitivity

Vocalization level

Good for first-time pet parents

Coat Type & Length

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Coat Grooming Frequency

Drooling Level

Exercise Needs

Training Needs

Grooming Needs

Mental Stimulation Needs

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Appearance of Xoloitzcuintle

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History and origin of Xoloitzcuintle

Popularity of Xoloitzcuintle

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Who would make a good companion for this pet?

For those who cherish soulful companionship and the quiet comfort of a loyal friend by their side

The cutest Xoloitzcuintle puppies around

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Should you buy or adopt your new puppy?

Choosing Wisely: Cost Analysis of Adoption vs. Breeders

Purchasing from a Breeder

Adopting from a Shelter or Rescue

Understanding Health History

Checklist for buying or adopting this breed

Care Guide for Xoloitzcuintle: Grooming, Feeding, Training

Care and Grooming

Bathing

Brushing and Skin Care

Nail Trimming

Ear Cleaning

Dental Care

Recommended Grooming Tools

Training and Socialization

Basic Obedience Training

Housebreaking

Addressing Behavioral Challenges

Early Socialization Strategies

Exercise and Activity Needs

Exercise Requirements by Life Stage

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Mental Stimulation

Signs of Insufficient Exercise

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Nutritional Needs by Life Stage

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