updated July 1, 2025

Irish Water Spaniel

A smart playful swimmer with a unique curly coat and distinctive rat tail

Recognized Breeds

The Irish Water Spaniel is a sporting dog from Ireland, developed in the 1830s with roots in old water spaniels. Known for its curly waterproof liver-colored coat and distinctive rat tail, it's the tallest spaniel breed. Nicknamed the 'clown of spaniels' for its playful nature, it was prized for retrieving in cold water and is a loyal, trainable companion for active families.

Temperament

Alert
Intelligent
Affectionate
Reserved

Alternative names

IWS
Irish Water
Rat Tail Spaniel
Whiptail

Average build and lifespan

HEIGHT

Male: 21-24 in

Female: 22-24 in

WEIGHT

Male: 55-65 lb

Female: 45-58 lb

LIFE EXPECTANCY

12 to 13 years

Characteristics of Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel is a sturdy dog with a dense curly coat that sheds very little. It features a smooth, rat-like tail and a liver-brown to chocolate coat sometimes showing a subtle purple tint. Bred for water work, it has webbed feet and a strong, compact body, making it an excellent swimmer suited for hunting and retrieving in water.

This breed is intelligent, playful, and affectionate. Known as the 'clown' of spaniels for its quirky personality, it combines bold eagerness with a loyal, trainable nature. It bonds closely with family and usually gets along well with children and pets, although early socialization is important.

Energetic and active, the Irish Water Spaniel needs plenty of exercise such as walks, play, or swimming. Its alert and sensitive sporting instincts make it protective without aggression. These traits make it a lively and devoted companion for those who match its spirited nature.

Personality
Social Life
Adaptability
Physical
Care

Friendliness

The Irish Water Spaniel is known for its playful and loyal nature, making it a friendly family companion. It is intelligent and trainable, enjoys activity, and usually gets along well with children and pets when socialized early. This breed is alert and protective, often serving as a good watchdog.

Playfulness

The Irish Water Spaniel is a playful and energetic breed known for its lively spirit and eagerness to please. It often shows a quirky, clown-like personality that entertains its family. Daily exercise and mental stimulation keep it happy and prevent mischief, thriving best when active and engaged.

Trainability

The Irish Water Spaniel is active, intelligent, and eager to please, making training rewarding. They work well as a team and are energetic companions. Early socialization is important since some can be wary of strangers or small pets. With patience and consistency, they become loyal, well-trained family members.

Energy Level

The Irish Water Spaniel is an energetic and intelligent breed that loves regular exercise and mental challenges. Known for its playful nature, it thrives when given jobs like retrieving or swimming. Keeping it active with walks or play helps maintain a calm and happy dog indoors.

Good with kids

The Irish Water Spaniel is a playful and intelligent breed known for its curly coat and water-loving nature. They are loyal and can be protective, often forming strong bonds with family. Early socialization helps them be friendly with strangers. Their gentle and lively temperament makes them great companions.

Good with cats

The Irish Water Spaniel is an active and intelligent breed that enjoys being part of the family. Though individual temperaments vary, it may not always trust cats or smaller pets without early socialization. Consistent training helps promote harmony between this energetic dog and feline friends.

Good with dogs

The Irish Water Spaniel is friendly and usually good with other dogs when socialized early. It's active, loyal, and enjoys teamwork, making it a great canine companion. Some can be cautious around strangers or smaller pets, so early training helps ensure good relationships with others.

Openness to strangers

The Irish Water Spaniel is active, smart, and eager to please, making it a great companion. Some may be wary of strangers if not socialized early. Proper socialization helps them feel comfortable around new people. They are generally friendly but might need encouragement to warm up to unfamiliar faces.

Good for apartment or house

The Irish Water Spaniel adapts well to homes with a fenced yard for play but can live in apartments if given daily exercise and mental activity. It is generally quiet, which helps in smaller spaces, but regular outdoor time is important to keep it happy and healthy.

Weather sensitivity

The Irish Water Spaniel is known for its dense, curly coat that provides insulation, making it well-suited for cold, wet conditions since it was bred for water work. Its coat sheds very little, but some may be sensitive to heat and need shade and water. It loves outdoor activity but prefers protection from extreme heat.

Vocalization level

The Irish Water Spaniel is generally quiet and only barks to alert or warn their family. They are alert and curious, making good watchdogs, but not prone to excessive barking. Their playful and mischievous nature adds charm without turning them into constant barkers.

Good for first-time pet parents

The Irish Water Spaniel is intelligent and trainable but can be stubborn at times. This breed needs consistent training and regular exercise to thrive. While not usually recommended for first-time owners, with patience and commitment, it can become a loyal and affectionate companion.

Coat Type & Length

The Irish Water Spaniel has a dense, water-resistant coat of tight curls that shed very little, making it a low-shed companion. Its distinctive smooth, hairless tail with a curly base helps when swimming. This coat not only excels in water but also gives the dog a charming, slightly wild look.

Shedding Level

The Irish Water Spaniel is known for shedding very little, making it great for people sensitive to pet dander. Its curly, water-resistant coat needs regular grooming, about once a week, to stay healthy. With some weekly brushing, you get a low-shedding companion ready for adventures on land and water!

Coat Grooming Frequency

The Irish Water Spaniel has a dense, curly coat that needs regular care to stay healthy. Brushing every one to two weeks keeps the coat clean and mat-free, while trimming every six to eight weeks helps maintain its shape. Grooming is manageable and a great way for owners to bond with their dog.

Drooling Level

The Irish Water Spaniel is not known for excessive drooling. Its coat and facial features help keep drooling minimal, making it a clean companion. If drooling worries you, this breed is typically low-drip, so you can enjoy your furry friend without constant cleanup!

Exercise Needs

The Irish Water Spaniel is an energetic and active dog that needs at least 1 to 2 hours of exercise daily, including activities like swimming, running, and fetch. This smart breed also enjoys mental challenges like puzzle toys and agility sports, making it a great companion for active, outdoor-loving people.

Training Needs

The Irish Water Spaniel is a smart and energetic breed known for its curly coat and playful nature. They respond well to positive training methods and need plenty of exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and balanced. Their friendly and eager-to-please personality makes them great companions.

Grooming Needs

The Irish Water Spaniel has a dense, curly coat that needs regular grooming to stay healthy and mat-free. Combing every 1-2 weeks removes debris and keeps skin healthy, while scissoring every 6-8 weeks shapes the coat. It sheds lightly, often suits allergy sufferers, and benefits from regular ear, teeth, and nail care.

Mental Stimulation Needs

The Irish Water Spaniel is a lively, intelligent breed that loves mental and physical activity. It learns quickly and enjoys games like fetch and interactive play. Without enough stimulation, it can get bored and restless, so keeping its mind and body active is important for a happy, balanced dog.

Health Issues

The Irish Water Spaniel is generally healthy but can face issues like hip and elbow dysplasia, seizures, allergies, and thyroid disease. They may also be sensitive to Sulfa antibiotics and Ivermectin. Most enjoy robust health, making them lively companions. Regular vet care and good breeding help keep them thriving.

Appearance of Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel is a strikingly distinctive and ruggedly built dog, notable for its dense, curly coat that sheds very little and typically appears in a rich liver-puce to chocolate-brown shade with a subtle purplish undertone. This coat is crowned by a topknot of long, loose curls that often fall over the eyes, paired with a characteristic beard on the throat and sometimes sideburns, giving the dog a somewhat whimsical and expressive face.

One of the most unique features of this breed is its smooth, hairless "rat tail," which has curls only at the base and aids its swimming ability, along with webbed feet that enhance propulsion in water. Standing around 22 to 24 inches tall and weighing 55 to 65 pounds, the Irish Water Spaniel combines a bold and eager appearance with remarkable intelligence and endurance, making it visually special and a lively companion.

Similar Breeds

Physique & Size
The Irish Water Spaniel is a sturdy, medium to large dog with a dense, curly coat and a distinctive topknot of curls, built for agility and endurance in water activities.
Ears, Eyes, Nose
The Irish Water Spaniel has large, broad ears with tight curls, almond-shaped amber to hazel eyes, and a broad nose usually dark brown or liver-colored, giving a unique look.
Coat Length, Texture, Type
The Irish Water Spaniel has a dense, curly, water-resistant coat with tight curls on the body and head, and looser curls on the chest and belly, without an undercoat.
Color Variants & Markings
The Irish Water Spaniel has a distinctive, solid liver-colored coat with tight, curly fur and no typical markings, giving it a unique, recognizable look.
Size Versions
The Irish Water Spaniel has a distinctive curly, water-resistant coat and a proud, sturdy build with a unique topknot of curls on its head.
Tail Type
The Irish Water Spaniel has a unique "rat tail" that is smooth and free of long hairs except for curls at the base, tapering to a point and aiding its swimming.

Similar Breeds

History and origin of Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel is a distinct and charismatic breed with roots tracing back to Ireland in the 1830s. Though the exact lineage is somewhat debated, it is generally accepted that the breed evolved from various curly-coated water retrievers such as the Poodle, Barbet, and Portuguese Water Dog. A key figure in the breed's development was Justin McCarthy, who owned 'Boatswain,' a dog instrumental in shaping the Irish Water Spaniel's characteristic traits.

Originally bred for waterfowl hunting, the Irish Water Spaniel is renowned for its excellent swimming ability and versatility as a retriever in dense cover and wet environments. Its dense, liver-colored curly coat, which sheds water effectively and protects the dog in cold weather, along with the distinctive 'rat tail' and topknot, makes it easily recognizable and well-suited to its historic role.

By the mid-1800s, the breed had made its way to North America and quickly gained recognition. The American Kennel Club (AKC) officially acknowledged the Irish Water Spaniel in 1886, marking one of the breed's first major milestones in organized competitions and breeding programs. Since then, the breed has maintained its type and popularity, especially in Ireland and among waterfowl hunters.

In terms of global recognition, the United Kennel Club (UKC) has recognized the breed since 1948, adding to its international standing. The breed also enjoys official acceptance by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), ensuring recognition across Europe and beyond. In Ireland, the Irish Kennel Club (IKC) proudly represents the breed in its home country, while other national clubs such as the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) and United Kingdom's The Kennel Club (KC) also acknowledge it.

Overall, the Irish Water Spaniel is a testament to careful breed development aimed at creating a skilled and hardy retriever, with a rich history solidified by international recognition and dedicated breed clubs. Whether working on the water or charming admirers in the show ring, this lively breed continues to capture hearts worldwide.

Popularity of Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel has modest popularity mainly in the US and Ireland, where it has a niche following. It's less known in much of Europe and Asia, partly due to its grooming needs.

United States
Moderately Common
Ireland
Very Common
United Kingdom
Occasionally Found

Who would make a good companion for this pet?

The perfect companion for energetic souls who love outdoor fun and crave a loyal friend

Active individuals or families who enjoy outdoor activities and regular exercise
Those who can provide daily walks, playtime, and mental stimulation
Homes with access to water or opportunities for swimming, given their natural affinity for water
People looking for a smart, loyal, and eager-to-please companion
Owners interested in training for hunting, agility, obedience, or working trials
Families with respectful children and possibly other pets, if socialized early
Those who can commit to regular grooming and ear care
Environment suitable for a sturdy, energetic dog needing space for physical activity

Adorable Irish Water Spaniel puppies you can't resist

Irish Water Spaniel puppies have a distinctive dense, curly liver-colored coat that sheds very little, making them appealing for families. They feature the breed's unique smooth 'rat tail' and show early signs of intelligence and eagerness to please. Their love for water often turns bath time into a playful splash.

Irish Water Spaniel puppies are curious and intelligent little explorers from the start, so their early education should focus on gentle, positive reinforcement training. Early socialization is key; introducing them to a variety of people, places, and other animals in a safe, controlled way helps them grow into confident adults. Because these pups are naturally energetic and love water, offering age-appropriate exercise like short play sessions and gentle walks is essential—too much too soon can strain their developing joints.

Nutrition plays a big role in their healthy growth. Puppies need high-quality large-breed puppy food fed three to four times daily to support their metabolism and joint development. Fresh water must always be accessible. Treats are best used sparingly as rewards during training to keep their minds sharp. Typically, an Irish Water Spaniel puppy will weigh between 45 to 68 pounds at adulthood, so monitoring growth and adjusting food portions is important.

These puppies are affectionate and quick learners but can be cautious with strangers. Regular vet health checks help catch issues early, especially since diet and exercise impact development. In the first months, milestones like socialization, learning basic commands, and getting comfortable with handling build a foundation for a happy, well-rounded dog. Their smart, athletic, and gentle temperament makes each development stage an exciting adventure for pup and owner alike.

Did you know?

Irish Water Spaniel puppies are born with a unique 'rat tail'—a smooth, hairless tail that acts like a rudder in water, helping them swim with impressive agility from a young age.

Should you buy or adopt your new puppy?

When deciding whether to bring an Irish Water Spaniel puppy into your home, the choice often comes down to adopting from a rescue or purchasing from a breeder. Adoption offers the chance to provide a home to a dog in need, while purchasing from a breeder typically ensures access to health history and specific breed traits.

Adoption vs. Breeder: Pros & Cons

Criteria	Buying from Breeder	Adopting from Shelter/Rescue
Cost	Generally higher cost, around $800 to $1,800 for a puppy.	Lower adoption fees, often covering vaccinations and spay/neuter.
Health History	Breeders provide detailed health records and genetic screening.	Health history may be limited or unknown, though shelters conduct basic health checks.
Age Availability	Mostly puppies, allowing you to raise from a young age.	Varied ages, including adults and seniors.
Temperament Insight	Breeders offer insights based on lineage and traits.	Shelter staff can share observed behaviors, but full history may be unknown.
Supporting Practices	Supports breeding programs; important to choose responsible breeders.	Supports animal welfare by giving a home to dogs in need.
Breed Purity & Pedigree	Assured with documentation from reputable breeders.	Breed purity and pedigree often not guaranteed.

Choosing Wisely: Cost Analysis of Adoption vs. Breeders

Choosing whether to adopt or purchase an Irish Water Spaniel involves weighing upfront costs against long-term benefits. Breeders usually offer more predictable genetics and health assurances at a higher price, while adoption often has lower fees but some uncertainties.

Purchasing from a Breeder

Buying from a reputable breeder often includes vaccinations, deworming, and sometimes microchipping or spaying/neutering, along with health clearances for issues like hip dysplasia and eye diseases. Breeders provide pedigree documentation and early socialization, adding to the initial cost.

Additional expenses may include initial vet exams, booster shots, pet insurance for hereditary risks, plus supplies like crates, grooming tools, collars, and quality food. Though costs are higher upfront, working with a responsible breeder may reduce genetic disorder risks.

Adopting from a Shelter or Rescue

Adopting from a shelter or breed-specific rescue usually means a lower adoption fee covering basic vaccinations, spaying/neutering, and sometimes microchipping. Breed rescues offer better chances to find this rare breed and may provide some health or history info.

Post-adoption expenses include vet visits for wellness checks or treatments, along with supplies similar to buying a puppy. Adoption saves money initially but might require readiness for unknown health or behavioral issues.

Understanding Health History

Health history information tends to be more complete and reliable when purchasing an Irish Water Spaniel puppy from a breeder compared to adopting one.

When buying from a reputable Irish Water Spaniel breeder, buyers often receive comprehensive health records that include detailed vaccination history, veterinary checkups, and genetic screening protocols recommended by breed clubs such as the IWSCA. These breeders typically participate in health monitoring and testing programs aimed at reducing hereditary conditions like hip and elbow dysplasia or thyroid disease. This thorough documentation provides prospective owners with insights into potential future risks, enabling more informed decisions and preparation.

In contrast, adopting an Irish Water Spaniel usually comes with less information about the dog's health background. Adopted dogs might have incomplete or unknown medical histories, especially if surrendered by previous owners or rescued from uncertain situations. Veterinary checks are often basic, focusing on immediate health and vaccinations rather than extensive genetic screening or long-term health risk assessments. Consequently, adopters may face more unpredictability regarding inherited health issues or previous medical problems that might not be fully disclosed.

Ultimately, choosing between adoption and purchase depends on an owner's comfort with health history clarity. Breeder puppies generally offer greater predictability and transparency in health, while adopted dogs may require openness to managing health unknowns with flexibility and ongoing veterinary care.

Checklist for buying or adopting this breed

Bringing home an Irish Water Spaniel puppy—whether adopted or purchased—is a joyful commitment that calls for careful preparation. Being thoroughly ready will help your new furry friend settle in smoothly and thrive in their new home.

Schedule a veterinary visit for health check-ups and vaccinations
Confirm microchip registration and update your contact info
Purchase essential supplies: food, bedding, toys, grooming tools
Plan and enroll in puppy training or socialization classes
Create a safe, comfortable home environment for your puppy
Review health guarantees and return policy from breeder or shelter
Budget for veterinary care, pet insurance, and ongoing costs

Care Guide for Irish Water Spaniel: Grooming, Feeding, Training

The care of an Irish Water Spaniel focuses on its curly coat, high energy, and sensitive ears. Regular grooming with gentle brushing once a week and trimming every two months is needed to keep the coat healthy and prevent mats. Early positive grooming experiences help them enjoy these sessions. Because of their floppy ears and love of water, frequent ear cleaning is important to prevent infections.

Feeding should be with high-quality food suited to their age and activity, avoiding overfeeding treats to maintain a healthy weight. Daily exercise like long walks or playtime is essential to channel their energy. Training works best with positive reinforcement and short, consistent sessions that engage their sharp minds and eagerness to learn.

Care and Grooming

The Irish Water Spaniel has a distinctive curly coat that requires regular grooming to keep it healthy and mat-free. This breed sheds very little but benefits from consistent care including brushing, occasional trimming, and regular attention to ears, nails, and teeth.

Brushing

Brush the coat thoroughly every 1-2 weeks to reach the skin, preventing mats and tangles. Start grooming early to make it a positive experience.

Frequency: Every 1-2 weeks.
Technique: Comb through to the skin.
Note: Loose hairs collect as dust easily cleaned up.

Bathing

Bath as needed to keep the coat and skin healthy, especially since water helps form their trademark ringlets.

Frequency: As needed.
Products: Use dog-specific shampoos.
Drying: Dry thoroughly to prevent chills.

Coat Trimming

Trim the coat every 6-8 weeks to maintain shape, especially topknot, beard, ears, feet, and tail base.

Frequency: Every 6-8 weeks.
Professional help: Recommended if inexperienced.

Nail Trimming

Keep nails short to avoid discomfort. Trim every 3-4 weeks or as needed.

Tools: Clippers or grinders; avoid the quick.
Signs: Nails clicking on floors indicate time to trim.

Ear Cleaning

Regularly check and clean ears to prevent infections, given their love of water.

Frequency: Weekly.
Method: Use vet-approved cleaners; clean outer ear only.
Watch for: Redness, swelling, odor, or discharge.

Dental Care

Brush teeth several times a week using dog-specific toothpaste to prevent dental issues.

Frequency: Ideally daily, at least several times weekly.
Extras: Dental chews and vet cleanings as recommended.

Recommended Grooming Tools

Curly coat combs
Scissors for trims
Dog nail clippers or grinders
Vet-approved ear cleaners
Dog shampoos and conditioners
Dog toothbrush and toothpaste

Training and Socialization

Training and socialization are key to helping the Irish Water Spaniel become a well-mannered and confident companion. As an intelligent and active breed, early and consistent training channels their energy positively and supports good behavior.

Basic Obedience Training

Irish Water Spaniels are smart and eager to please, making training enjoyable when done well:

Start Early: Begin training soon after bringing your puppy home to build good habits.
Positive Reinforcement: Use treats, praise, and play to reward desired behaviors.
Consistency: Keep commands and routines clear and steady.
Short Sessions: Frequent, brief sessions keep their interest high.

Housebreaking

Gentle but steady housebreaking works best:

Routine: Regular outdoor breaks after meals and naps help build a schedule.
Crate Training: Encourages bladder control and prevents accidents.
Immediate Praise: Reward outdoor success promptly.
Patience: Avoid punishment; clean accidents well to remove odors.

Addressing Behavioral Challenges

Despite good training, some issues may arise:

Shyness with Strangers: Gentle social exposure helps ease caution.
Small Pets: Not all get along; supervise introductions carefully.
Independence: Their intelligence sometimes leads to stubbornness; firm, fair rules help.
Energy Needs: Regular exercise prevents restlessness and unwanted behavior.

Early Socialization Strategies

Early exposure builds confidence and good manners:

Expose Early: From 7 weeks to 4 months, gently introduce new people, places, and sounds.
Keep It Positive: Make new experiences fun and avoid overwhelming your puppy.
Puppy Classes: Classes provide structured social interaction.
Ongoing Socialization: Continue to expose your dog to varied experiences to support adaptability.

Exercise and Activity Needs

Irish Water Spaniels are active, intelligent dogs that thrive with regular and ample exercise. Ensuring they get both physical and mental activity is vital to keep them happy, healthy, and well-behaved.

Exercise Requirements by Life Stage

Irish Water Spaniels have distinct exercise needs depending on their life stage:

Puppies: Short, frequent play sessions and gentle exercise, avoiding over-exertion. Focus on fun and basic obedience rather than endurance.
Adults: Require vigorous daily exercise, ideally 60 minutes or more, split into two sessions. Include long walks, swimming, and active play to match their energy.
Seniors: Benefit from low-impact activities like shorter walks and gentle swimming to maintain mobility without strain. Adjust exercise based on health.

Recommended Activities

The Irish Water Spaniel is bred for water retrieval, so activities engaging body and mind are best:

Swimming: Excellent low-impact exercise using their webbed feet and love of water.
Long Walks and Hikes: Provide physical and mental enrichment in varied environments.
Fetch and Retrieval: Use their retrieving instincts while providing good exercise.
Running alongside a bicycle: Good for expending energy if conditions allow.
Dog Sports: Agility, obedience trials, or dock diving challenge their skills.
Playing with Other Dogs: Offers social interaction and active play.

Mental Stimulation

Along with physical exercise, mental challenges are key for this intelligent breed:

Obedience Training: Regular sessions sharpen focus and reinforce good behavior.
Puzzle Toys and Scent Games: Engage their problem-solving and scenting abilities.
Enrichment Activities: Simulate hunting or follow commands to prevent boredom.

Signs of Insufficient Exercise

Restlessness or hyperactivity indoors.
Destructive behaviors like chewing or digging.
Excessive barking or attention seeking.
Weight gain or lethargy from inactivity.
Difficulty calming down after activity.

Seasonal Care

Caring for an Irish Water Spaniel through the seasons means paying close attention to their unique coat, temperature needs, hydration, and health risks. This guide helps you adjust your dog's care routine to keep them healthy and comfortable year-round.

Spring

During spring, the Irish Water Spaniel's dense curly coat may start to shed or need trimming. Regular brushing prevents matting and keeps the coat healthy as they transition from winter. Temperature fluctuations require you to watch for overheating since their coat can be warm. Increase water availability as activity rises, and be alert for seasonal allergies or ear infections due to trapped moisture in floppy ears.

Summer

In summer, their thick coat insulates but can cause overheating. Occasional trimming can help, but avoid shaving as the coat protects from sunburn. They tolerate cold water well but overheat easily on land, so avoid heat during peak hours and provide shade. Hydration needs increase; always offer fresh water. Be vigilant for heatstroke and protect ears during swimming to prevent infections and ticks.

Autumn

Autumn signals the growth of a winter coat, so increase brushing to remove dead hair and prevent tangles. Cooler temperatures generally suit them better, but early cold snaps might cause chill sensitivity. Keep hydration regular, even if the weather cools. Dampness can cause skin issues, so keep ears dry and clean, and monitor joints for stiffness.

Winter

Winter brings a dense insulating coat, but snow and ice can accumulate, requiring regular grooming and drying after walks. Though cold-tolerant, limit exposure during extreme cold or wind to reduce hypothermia risk. Encourage water intake as dogs may drink less in winter. Protect paws from ice, salt, and chemicals with booties or rinsing, provide warm indoor areas, and give gentle exercise to maintain mobility without overstraining joints.

Nutrition and Feeding

Proper nutrition is essential for the Irish Water Spaniel to maintain health, energy, and its distinctive coat. As an active and intelligent sporting breed, their dietary needs vary with life stages and require care to support growth and vitality.

Nutritional Needs by Life Stage

Diet should match age and lifestyle:

Puppies: Nutrient-dense food high in protein and calories for growth. Feed 3-4 times daily.
Adults: Balanced diet for muscle maintenance and coat health. Feed twice daily.
Seniors: Lower calorie but nutrient-rich diets to support aging joints and control weight.

Feeding Guidelines

Good feeding habits promote health and weight control:

Portion Sizes: Depends on age, weight, activity. Vet advice recommended.
Meal Frequency: Puppies 3-4 times/day; adults and seniors twice daily.
Hydration: Always provide fresh water.
Treats: Use sparingly to avoid excess calories.

Choosing the Right Food

Nutrition should meet breed-specific needs:

High-Quality Commercial Food: Real meat first ingredient, minimal fillers, balanced nutrients.
Life Stage and Size Appropriate: Formulas for medium to large active breeds support joints and coat.
Home-Prepared Diets: Only with veterinary guidance to ensure completeness.
Allergens: Some dogs have sensitivities; monitor and adjust diet as needed.

Weight Management

Weight control is important for overall health:

Regular Exercise: Daily activity helps burn calories and maintain fitness.
Caloric Control: Avoid overfeeding, limit treats.
Weight Monitoring: Check body condition regularly and consult a vet if necessary.

Transitioning Between Life Stages

Transition carefully to maintain digestive comfort:

Gradual Food Changes: Mix new food with old over 7-10 days.
Observe Reactions: Watch appetite, stool, energy; seek vet advice if needed.
Adjust Portions: Change amount and type of food as dog matures.

Living Environment

Creating a suitable living environment for the Irish Water Spaniel is key to keeping this lively and intelligent breed happy and healthy. Tailoring their home and outdoor spaces to their energy and instincts helps them thrive.

Indoor Living Considerations

Irish Water Spaniels enjoy indoor time with family but need space for activity.

Social Companions: They enjoy interaction and can get bored if alone too long.
Space to Move: Open areas support their playfulness.
Comfort: A cozy bed in a quiet spot helps rest after activity.
Grooming Area: Their curly coat needs regular brushing to prevent mats.

Outdoor Access and Safety

As water dogs, they appreciate safe, supervised outdoor time.

Secure Yard: A fenced yard allows safe play and exploration.
Water Features: Swimming satisfies their natural instincts and exercise needs.
Supervised Play: Protect from hazards like toxic plants by monitoring outdoor time.
Weather Shelter: Provide protection from extreme heat or cold.

Space Requirements

Irish Water Spaniels are medium to large dogs (55-65 lbs, 22-24 inches tall), so space matters.

Indoor: Ample room supports their energetic nature.
Outdoor: A large yard is ideal; if limited, regular walks or swimming help.

Environmental Enrichment

Mental and physical stimulation prevents boredom and destructive behavior.

Varied Toys: Puzzle and chew toys engage their mind and teeth.
Training: Obedience, agility, or water activities keep them happy and focused.
Social Interaction: Early socialization and playdates nurture their friendly yet cautious temperament.

Safety Measures

Ensuring safety is crucial for their well-being.

Hazard-Free Zone: Secure chemicals, cords, and small objects.
Secure Storage: Keep food and trash out of reach to avoid scavenging.
Supervision: Monitor interactions with children and pets due to curiosity.

Travel

Traveling with an Irish Water Spaniel means planning carefully to keep your curly-coated friend safe and happy. Whether a short drive or a long trip, preparation makes all the difference.

Pre-Travel Preparation

Before setting off, ensure your dog's health is confirmed by a vet, and they are up-to-date on vaccinations. Introduce travel crates or harnesses early to ease anxiety. Proper ID with collar tags or microchip is essential, and familiar comfort items can make travel less stressful.

Traveling by Car

Use secure restraints like harness seatbelts or well-ventilated crates for safety. Keep the car cool and ventilated, as the dense coat can lead to overheating. Stop every 2-3 hours for bathroom breaks, stretching, and water. Never leave your dog alone in a warm vehicle.

Traveling by Air

Check airline pet policies; Irish Water Spaniels typically fly cargo unless allowed in-cabin. Use an airline-approved crate with ventilation and enough space. Book early, as flights limit pets. Feed light meals and ensure hydration before flying to reduce discomfort.

Accommodations and Destinations

Choose pet-friendly lodging and verify any breed or size restrictions. Learn about local leash laws and pet rules. Locate parks or trails where your dog can run or swim to expend energy.

Travel Essentials

Bring regular food and bottled water to avoid tummy troubles. Pack a first aid kit with medications and flea/tick prevention. Carry all necessary documentation like vaccination records and health certificates. Quick grooming helps prevent mats and keeps your dog comfortable on the move.

With a bit of planning, trips with your Irish Water Spaniel can be smooth, safe, and enjoyable for both of you!

Health of Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel is generally healthy, living 12-13 years. Watch for hip/elbow dysplasia—regular vet checks and X-rays help. Their floppy ears and love for water mean ear infections are common; clean ears regularly. Proper grooming prevents skin issues. Some may be sensitive to sulfa drugs or ivermectin. Vaccinations and parasite prevention are musts!

Health
Preventive Care
Insurance

Irish Water Spaniels are generally healthy, but like all breeds, they can face some health issues. Knowing about these helps with early detection and good care.

Hip Dysplasia

This occurs when the hip joint doesn't fit properly, causing pain and arthritis.

Symptoms: Limping, difficulty rising, less activity.
Onset: Usually after six months.
Causes: Genetic; worsened by obesity and poor nutrition.
Diagnosis: Vet exams and X-rays.
Treatment: Weight control, medication, sometimes surgery.
Prevention: Health screening before breeding and maintaining healthy weight.

Elbow Dysplasia

Abnormal elbow development causing pain and lameness.

Symptoms: Front leg lameness, stiffness.
Onset: Diagnosed between 4-18 months.
Causes: Genetic.
Diagnosis: X-rays, vet exam.
Treatment: Weight management, meds, sometimes surgery.
Prevention: Breeding health checks; avoid rough play in puppies.

Seizures

Indicate neurological issues; prompt vet care is key.

Symptoms: Shaking, unconsciousness.
Onset: Any age.
Causes: Genetic or other brain problems.
Diagnosis: Neurological exams, tests.
Treatment: Medications to control seizures.

Allergies

Cause itching and skin problems.

Symptoms: Itching, redness, infections.
Causes: Environment, food, genetics.
Treatment: Avoid allergens, meds, grooming.
Prevention: Regular grooming and early treatment.

Thyroid Disease

Especially hypothyroidism, affects metabolism and skin.

Symptoms: Weight gain, lethargy, hair thinning.
Onset: Middle age.
Causes: Genetic, autoimmune.
Diagnosis: Blood tests.
Treatment: Hormone replacement.

Working with responsible breeders who do health tests and keeping regular vet visits helps keep Irish Water Spaniels happy and healthy.

Preventive care is important for the Irish Water Spaniel to help ensure a long, healthy life. Regular veterinary visits, vaccinations, parasite control, and dental care are essential. These steps help catch problems early and keep this lively, curly-coated breed healthy.

Regular Veterinary Check-ups

Routine vet visits monitor health and detect issues early:

Annual Exams: For dogs under seven years old.
Bi-Annual Exams for Seniors: For dogs seven years and older.
Specific Screenings: Watch for ear infections, hip dysplasia, and eye conditions common in this breed.

Vaccinations

Vaccines protect against diseases. Key vaccines include:

Core Vaccines: Rabies, Distemper, Parvovirus, and Adenovirus.
Non-Core Vaccines: Bordetella, Lyme disease, and Leptospirosis, based on risk.
Follow the Vet's Schedule: Puppies need initial series; adults need boosters.

Parasite Prevention

Protecting against parasites is vital:

Fleas and Ticks: Monthly, vet-approved treatments especially important since this breed enjoys water and outdoor time.
Heartworm Prevention: Year-round medication recommended.
Intestinal Parasite Control: Regular fecal exams and deworming as needed.

Dental Care

Maintaining oral health helps prevent disease:

Daily Brushing: Use dog toothpaste to reduce plaque.
Dental Chews: Vet-approved chews help reduce tartar.
Professional Cleanings: Periodic cleanings support healthy teeth and gums.

Early Detection of Health Issues

Watch for warning signs such as:

Behavior Changes: Lethargy, withdrawal, or unusual aggression.
Appetite Changes: Increase or decrease in eating habits.
Physical Signs: Lumps, limping, eye or ear discharge, or ear infection symptoms.

If you notice these, contact your veterinarian promptly.

Owning an Irish Water Spaniel is rewarding but comes with responsibilities, especially regarding health and safety. Pet insurance can protect you from high vet costs due to unexpected illnesses, injuries, or surgeries common to this active, water-loving breed. Understanding types of coverage, what's covered, and owner expenses helps you prepare both financially and emotionally for your furry friend's protection.

Health and Surgery Coverage

Irish Water Spaniels may face health issues like hip dysplasia or ear infections. Insurance covering health and surgery can include emergency treatments, surgeries, medications, and diagnostics. This reduces out-of-pocket costs and supports prompt care. Policies have deductibles, limits, and exclusions; pre-existing conditions are usually not covered, so early insurance is wise.

Liability Coverage

Liability coverage protects owners if their dog causes injury or damage, which can occur with active breeds like Irish Water Spaniels. Not common in basic plans, it's a useful add-on but may raise premiums and has specific terms to review.

Common Alternatives to Pet Insurance

Some owners self-insure by saving for vet costs or use vet discounts and credit plans. These help but lack comprehensive protection. Unexpected costs, such as treating toxic ingestion during water activities, may quickly exceed savings.

Coverage and Owner Expenses

Pet insurance usually covers accidents, illnesses, surgeries, and sometimes wellness visits but excludes routine care like vaccinations and grooming. Owners pay deductibles, co-pays, and a percentage of bills up to limits. Knowing these details helps manage costs and ensures proper care.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Pet Insurance

Insurance offers peace of mind and can save money in emergencies. On the downside, premiums recur even if the dog stays healthy, and claims involve paperwork and waiting periods. Balancing these pros and cons helps decide if insurance suits your lifestyle and budget.

Example Scenario Illustrating the Need

Imagine your Irish Water Spaniel swims in a lake and swallows poisonous algae or a sharp object, requiring emergency vet care and surgery costing thousands. Without insurance, you bear the full cost, risking financial strain and tough treatment choices. Insurance eases this burden and lets you focus on your dog's recovery.

Join in and save lives!

Palou is a free platform for pet owners and veterinarians to easily find life-saving blood donations for dogs and cats.

Like humans, dogs and cats can be dependent on life-saving blood donations.

We aim to connect as many blood donors and recipients as possible — the more people who enroll, the faster suitable donors can be found and pets can be saved.

Lifespan and End-of-Life Care of Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel usually lives around 12 to 13 years. For end-of-life care, focus on their comfort and quality of life with regular vet checkups, pain relief if needed, and lots of love. This intelligent, playful breed benefits from a supportive environment as they age. Watching for health changes helps keep their later years happy and peaceful.

Signs of Aging

Senior Irish Water Spaniels often show early signs of aging through changes in mobility and energy. They may become stiffer and slower, especially in activities like swimming and running, as arthritis and joint issues develop. These changes can make getting up or climbing stairs harder over time.

Alongside physical shifts, they may experience weight changes due to less activity. Weight gain can occur if diet and exercise aren't adjusted, while unexplained weight loss may signal muscle loss or other issues needing a vet's attention. Appetite changes like decreased eating can also indicate illness.

Their curly coat might gray or thin with age, though less than in some breeds. Dental health is another concern, as gum disease could cause bad breath or eating difficulties. Behavioral changes such as more sleep or mild confusion might hint at cognitive dysfunction, a dementia-like condition. Early detection helps provide better care for a comfortable senior life.

Exercise and Activity needs

Senior Irish Water Spaniels need exercise that balances their lower stamina and possible joint issues with their natural energy and mental needs. Moderate, steady activity helps maintain muscle and joint health without overexertion.

Gentle walks and supervised swimming are great low-impact exercises for them. Swimming supports joints and keeps them active without strain. It's best to avoid intense or repetitive activities that might hurt their joints. Shorter, frequent play sessions with gentle games or interactive toys can stimulate both mind and body without tiring them out.

Keeping them calmly active prevents stiffness and promotes well-being. Since they are smart and eager to please, light training or scent games engage their minds. Watching for extreme temperatures is also wise, as older dogs are more sensitive. Adapted, consistent exercise keeps a senior Irish Water Spaniel happy, healthy, and connected to family while respecting their changing needs.

Seasonal Care

Senior Irish Water Spaniels need special seasonal care to support aging joints and maintain their water-resistant coats. With less stamina, their outdoor activities should be gentler to avoid strain.

In cold months, their thick curls insulate well, but older dogs may feel cold due to arthritis and slower circulation. Warm, dry resting areas and short walks protect their joints. Gentle swimming helps maintain muscles without fatigue.

During warmer seasons, their dense coats can cause overheating. Provide shade, fresh water, and avoid intense exercise in heat. Regular grooming prevents matting and keeps their skin healthy by preserving natural oils.

Routine health checks, tailored grooming, and adjusted exercise improve comfort and quality of life for senior Irish Water Spaniels.

Nutrition and Feeding

Senior Irish Water Spaniels need a diet rich in high-quality proteins to maintain muscle and support joint and digestive health. As they age, easily digestible ingredients that reduce inflammation become important to keep them lively.

Animal-based proteins like chicken, lamb, or fish provide essential amino acids without excess fat. Limiting grains and focusing on vegetables helps with digestion and inflammation. Omega fatty acids support skin, coat, and joint flexibility, which can decline with age.

Avoiding common allergens such as wheat, corn, soy, and dairy helps prevent digestive issues. Prebiotics and fiber promote gut health, and hydration through wet food or fresh water is crucial. Antioxidants and supplements like glucosamine aid mobility and joint health, while weight management reduces joint strain, keeping senior dogs comfortable and active.

Living Environment

Senior Irish Water Spaniels need a living space that acknowledges their lower energy and joint sensitivity. Unlike their younger selves who enjoy vigorous activity, older spaniels benefit from gentle walks and plenty of cozy resting spots to support their aging bodies.

The breed's active nature means seniors still require some mild exercise, but calm surroundings and soft bedding help avoid strain. Shorter, more frequent walks and mental activities like light play or easy training keep them engaged without overexertion.

It's important to ensure their home is safe by minimizing slippery floors and obstacles to reduce injury risk. This balance of comfort, moderate activity, and mental stimulation helps senior Irish Water Spaniels enjoy their later years happily and safely.

Travel

Traveling with a senior Irish Water Spaniel needs special care to support their lower stamina and possible joint issues while still engaging their intelligence and comfort. Frequent rest stops and a calm environment help ease travel stress for older dogs.

The breed's high energy often lessens with age, so gentler travel plans avoid overexertion. Watch for signs of fatigue or discomfort, especially in joints. Orthopedic bedding and supportive harnesses during car rides ease movement and prevent strain.

Irish Water Spaniels have dense curly coats that shed minimally, so watch temperature during travel; they can overheat without ventilation. Offer fresh water often and avoid hot, cramped conditions. Their cautious yet loyal nature means familiar routines and owner presence help reduce travel anxiety, so bring favorite toys or blankets. Keep breaks low-impact to protect aging limbs and ensure leash safety due to their protective instincts.

Working roles abilities of Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel is a skilled hunting dog, traditionally bred for waterfowl retrieval. Its webbed feet and curly coat help it swim and retrieve birds from water and thick cover with ease. This breed shines in pointing and retrieving tasks, making it a trusted companion for hunters.

Today, it continues to excel in fieldwork and hunting but also enjoys roles in obedience and agility competitions. Its alertness makes it a good watchdog, while its friendly nature keeps it a loyal family friend. This breed blends endurance, intelligence, and charm in both old and new roles.

Legal and ethical considerations of owning Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel, known for its curly coat and lively nature, does not have breed-specific legal restrictions in most regions. However, due to its active and intelligent temperament, owners should ensure compliance with local leash laws and licensing requirements, as these apply to all dogs and help ensure public safety.

Ethically, owning an Irish Water Spaniel means being prepared for its high exercise needs and mental stimulation. This breed can develop behavioral issues if left bored or under-stimulated, so potential owners should commit to regular activity and training. Also, considering its rarity, sourcing puppies responsibly from reputable breeders is important to support healthy bloodlines and avoid contributing to irresponsible breeding.

Fun facts about Irish Water Spaniel

The Irish Water Spaniel's tail is uniquely smooth and hairless except for the base, earning it the nickname 'rat tail,' which helps it steer powerfully through water.

This breed sports a distinct liver-puce coat with a subtle purple undertone, a rare color among dogs that truly makes it stand out.

They are known as the clowns of the spaniel family due to their playful intelligence and quirky antics that brighten everyday moments.

Irish Water Spaniels have naturally webbed feet, giving them an edge as strong and agile swimmers, perfect for water retrieving.

Boatswain, a dog bred by Justin McCarthy in the 1830s, is considered the father of the modern Irish Water Spaniel, shaping the breed's look and temperament.

In the 17th century, English nobility gifted this breed to the king of France as a diplomatic present, marking its early international role.

Common Questions & Myths about Irish Water Spaniel

Why is the Irish Water Spaniel sometimes called the "clown" of the spaniel family?

The breed is often called the clown of the spaniel family due to its playful, boisterous personality and its distinctive peak of curly hair between the eyes that gives it a unique, expressive look.

What makes the Irish Water Spaniel's coat special?

The coat is naturally water-repellent and tightly curled, which helps protect the dog while swimming and working in wet environments. Its characteristic cut and trim are functional, reflecting its purpose as a hunting and retrieving dog.

How does the Irish Water Spaniel's tail help it in the water?

The breed has a distinctive hairless "rat-tail" that acts like a rudder, aiding in swimming and maneuverability in water.

Were Irish Water Spaniels used for hunting?

Yes, they were bred to be hunting dogs, especially skilled at retrieving waterfowl thanks to their swimming abilities, webbed feet, and water-resistant coats.

Does the Irish Water Spaniel have any notable ancestors?

The modern breed traces much of its appearance to a male Irish Water Spaniel named Boatswain, bred in the 1830s, who sired many notable hunting and show dogs.

Are there any clubs or communities for Irish Water Spaniel enthusiasts?

Yes, the Irish Water Spaniel Club of America, established in 1937, is the official parent club. There are also rescue networks and breed clubs in many states for owners and fans to connect.

Is the Irish Water Spaniel a large dog?

It is the tallest of the spaniels, standing around 21 to 24 inches tall and weighing 55 to 65 pounds, placing it between medium and large size categories.

Irish Water Spaniel

Temperament

Alternative names

Average build and lifespan

HEIGHT

WEIGHT

LIFE EXPECTANCY

Jump to section

Characteristics of Irish Water Spaniel

Friendliness

Playfulness

Trainability

Energy Level

Good with kids

Good with cats

Good with dogs

Openness to strangers

Good for apartment or house

Weather sensitivity

Vocalization level

Good for first-time pet parents

Coat Type & Length

Shedding Level

Coat Grooming Frequency

Drooling Level

Exercise Needs

Training Needs

Grooming Needs

Mental Stimulation Needs

Health Issues

Appearance of Irish Water Spaniel

Similar Breeds

Physique & Size

Ears, Eyes, Nose

Coat Length, Texture, Type

Color Variants & Markings

Size Versions

Tail Type

Similar Breeds​

History and origin of Irish Water Spaniel

Popularity of Irish Water Spaniel

United States

Ireland

United Kingdom

Who would make a good companion for this pet?

The perfect companion for energetic souls who love outdoor fun and crave a loyal friend

Adorable Irish Water Spaniel puppies you can't resist

Did you know?

Should you buy or adopt your new puppy?

Choosing Wisely: Cost Analysis of Adoption vs. Breeders

Purchasing from a Breeder

Adopting from a Shelter or Rescue

Understanding Health History

Checklist for buying or adopting this breed

Care Guide for Irish Water Spaniel: Grooming, Feeding, Training

Care and Grooming

Brushing

Bathing

Coat Trimming

Nail Trimming

Ear Cleaning

Dental Care

Recommended Grooming Tools

Training and Socialization

Basic Obedience Training

Housebreaking

Addressing Behavioral Challenges

Early Socialization Strategies

Exercise and Activity Needs

Exercise Requirements by Life Stage

Recommended Activities

Mental Stimulation

Signs of Insufficient Exercise

Seasonal Care

Spring

Summer

Autumn

Winter

Nutrition and Feeding

Nutritional Needs by Life Stage

Similar Breeds